Development and History of AIRASIA

Development and History of AIRASIA AIRASIA is one among the top International brand in the low cost Airline Industry. Airasia brand came into existence in 1993, it was a joint public-private sector enterprise, however in 2001 current CEO Mr. Tony Fernandes purchased it and It was under him the Airasia brand got global recognition and unimaginable growth which started right from 2002 and continues till date, AirAsia started moving up the ladder under Tonys leadership from 2002 onwards by launching new routes from its main hub the capital of Malaysia till then the national carrier of Malaysia ruled the sky in and around Malaysia. In 2007, Airasia announced the birth of Airasia X the long haul budget flights, the first AirAsia X flight was from Kuala lumpur International airport to Gold coast in Australia thus began the journey from south east Asia to capturing routes in major cities around the world. In 2007, Virgin Airline chief had 20% stake in AirAsia X and had announced code sharing between Virgin Blue and AirAsia in and around Australian subcontinent. Profile of AirAsia: AIRASIA, is Asias largest and one among the top 10 international brand in the low cost segment having physical base in three countries; Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. AirAsia has four subsidiaries: AirAsia, Indonesia AirAsia, ThaiAirAsia and VeitJet Airasia. The company has a strength of around 3000 staffs and It flies to around 65 destinations worldwide using the 97 aircrafts and another 125 on order will be added to its fleet and it operates over 400 domestic and International flights, The total number of passengers that flew Airasia numbered 16,000,000 per year at a rate of 51000 per day for the year 2007. STRATEGIC CORPORATE PLANNING OF AIRASIA: By September 2008, Airasia had 60 routes and was voted as Worlds best New Airline for 2008 at World low cost Airline Congress in London inspire of tough competition it faced over Asian skies by brand which had committed fan following, global recession and increased air fuel prices. Airasia managed to survive and grow against the odd solely based on their distinctive model and new strategies. AIRASIA MODEL AND STRATEGIES: To position itself as the top airline brand in the low-cost, short haul based on no frills model. Opening of new hubs at airports and new routes outside their dominated Asian zone. Expanding into the Cargo transportation market. Marketing as a Go Green brand. User being able to access bookings and Online Information on Airasia through Blackberry. Fuel efficiency which helps in the overall reduction of travel cost. The slogan of Airasia is Now Everyone Can FLY, to attract customers both old and new ones with flying on time and having attractive and competitive price and tour packages as airasia management have their own hotel division having star hotels around many destinations plus having wide range of meal option on the In-fight purchase menu. The model which AirAsia under Mr. Tony Fernandes adopted for long haul flight was to choose airport where airport charges was low hence instead of Sydney airport Gold coast airport was considered for airasia link between Malaysia and Australia. To achieve Reduction in travel fuel cost Airasia concentrated on optimizing the air fuel consumption and with majority of the asset within the fleet being new Airbus planes, its more easier said than done. Airasia management based its model around latest technology including having access to its service [online booking, online checking and e-ticketing] through computers and blackberries. Successive growth of Airasia since its re-birth in 2001 can be put on following main strategies which they adopted: Cost reduction strategy of Airasia : Airasia vision is be a leader in the low cost airline segment by targeting the 3 billions people who are still under-served with the poor connectivity facing the high fares. AirAsia managements key strategies on cost reduction are:- High point concentration on Passenger Safety and maintenance of its fleet to be in best of the condition as per the set standards of regulators and its partners. To achieve High Aircraft Utilization by trying to get the quick turnaround by 25 minutes and by increasing staff productivity. Low fare, no Frills like added facilities of baggage transfer, preference on meals and seat arrangement etc. which adds to the customer satisfaction. Streamline Operations by working with single aircraft fleet to reduce manpower and stocking of maintenance parts. Using Latest Lean Distribution System to reduce labour and material utilization like usage of E-ticket. Point to point network. Summarised in a Table format below: Cost Category Cost Item Levers for reducing costs Costs -Aircraft Utilisation. -Reduce turnaround times. -Reduce maintenance downtime Fuel Costs Route Efficiency -Weight Reduction -Shorter en-route and approach times. -High standard of fleet maintenance. -Use of fuel hedging strategy. Handling Costs Service Level In sourcing. Reduce Handling Fees Pre-cleaning activities by cabin crew Loading/unloading support from crew Global contracts with key suppliers Off-peak pricing Catering Costs Reduce unit costs Reduce volumes Simplification of meal choice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduce logistics costs for delivery. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Monitor passengers vs. available meals. Lean Distribution management. Ticketing Sales Channels Sales Commissions Development of E-ticketing Self-service check-ins Divert customers to on-line channels. Maintenance -Fleet. -Service Costs -Fleet harmonisation. -Reduce average fleet age. -Joint purchasing of some work. optimise maintenance activities Porters Generic Strategies: AirAsia follows Porters strategies to focus on cost leadership to allign with its business strategy and mission statement by targeting specific segment of price sensitive customers and the first time fliers looking at value for price and short haul flights. Porters Generic strategies talks of three different generic strategies that any business can focus for a overall edge over competitors, sustainability and growth as shown in above figure, the three strategies include Cost leadership, Differentiation strategy and market segmentation (Focused differentiation) (Johnson Scholes 1997). Cost leadership strategy: This strategy allows a business to become the lowest cost producer of a product within an industry by organising and managing its value- adding activities. Cost advantage may be achieved in terms of how qualitatively a product or services is designed. Differentiation strategy: This strategy is adopted by persuading customers that a product is superior to that offered by competitors (Campbell, 2002). The value added by the uniqueness of the product or services may allow the company to charge a premium price for it. However, the threat to this differentiation may include copying of the product by competitors and changes in customer tastes. Focus-differentiation strategy: is aimed at a segment of the market from a product rather than at the whole market or many markets (Campbell, 2002). The successful way using focus strategy is to tailor a broad of product or service development strengths to a relatively narrow market segment that they know very well. This strategy may also face the threat of imitation and changes in the target segments. AirAsia business strategy is built around above defined three Porters generic strategies on two of the above strategies it follows Broader approach and on focus-differentiation strategy AirAsia follows narrow approach to sustains its competitive advantage. AirAsia mission statement was to be the leader in the low cost segment and it follows the porters strategy to the book on cost leadership by providing services at a price that is simply lower than competitors price and by effective and efficient operational management. Airasia uses Porters cost leadership strategies to be on path of its motto Now everyone can fly to achieve this it markets and manages itself as airline with hassle-free, no-frills, luxury at low fare travel by efficiently managing its policy of cost reduction to the micro level in the value chain so that the saving can be passed on to the price sensitive passengers so as to be the leader in the low cost segment. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis  is a  strategic planning  method used to evaluate the  Strengths,  Weaknesses,  Opportunities, and  Threats involved in a  business  venture.   SWOT analysis points to the Internal (strength and weakness) and External (opportunities and threats) factors that would affect in the growth and sustainability of a business venture in our case Airasia to sustain its top position in the low cost carrier segment. Strengths A Low cost operations which has made AirAsia brand a leader in the low cost carrier segment. Airasia management is made of fewer level which helps in faster and effective, focused and aggressive management and with management consisting of members having strong links with Government in south pacific Asia, it makes it easy for their business development with least government interference and more concessions. Airasia Staffs is made up of workforce which are Multi-skilled and efficient, Airasia follows the model of incentives for the hardworking and smart workforce, this model helps to return talent and to grow along with the company. Management strong focus on cost reduction to position AirAsia Groups as industrys lowest cost producer. Airasia group have strong balance sheet and cash flow this helps to weather short-terms unforeseen difficulties. Airasia management decision to move to a Single type fleet paid well it helps in minimising maintenance fees. IT Utilization to the maximum has enabled Airasia to increase efficiency helping it track its fleet, staffs and seat management in case of no-show customers on ASAP basis. IT also helps in promotional activities and in lean management based on e-ticketing model and online checking. Fuel Burn Emissions: Single type fleet of Airbus A320 helps Airasia stick to its efficient fuel usage police to go by their GO Green and cost reduction strategy. Airbus A320s low noise level improves operational flexibility and lowers surcharges for airports with noise constraints. Ancillary Services: In the current year from January to April, Airasia achieved ancillary income of RM45 per passenger. AirAsias ancillary service includes products and services such as baggage supersize, in-flight food and beverage, merchandising and duty-free, courier, airspace advertising and AirAsia RedTix. AirAsia RedTix is a unique Ancillary income system which is related with non-airline ticketing system focusing on tickets to events, sports and music. Ancillary income not only contributes to the airlines bottom line, but it also provides a buffer against rising fuel prices. Weakness Airasia do not have their own MRO (maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) facilities. Being a young fleet with young staff at times makes it difficult to handle unforseen situation at both physical location and over the customer service management mainly related with change of flight and over refunds. AirAsia have faced difficulties with government interference mainly at level where Airasias main competition happens to be directly with the national carrier. Being a young brand makes it a challenge to catch the attention of frequent and first time fliers for Branding is vital for market position. Airasia depends on service based on outsourcing which at times can lead to delivery delays and hindrance of long duration on two segment IT and MRO. Young fleet at times shows lack of contingency plan on irregular situations. Opportunities AirAsis after making a mark for its brand in short haul low cost carrier sector is targeting the Long haul flight domain as an trial phase to tap share of that market as well. After having tasted success in Asia-Pacific region, AirAsia is targeting new routes and destinations on a global level. AirAsia by having tie up with other established low cost carriers on Existing, new routes and destinations untapped by AirAsia brand for example Airasia have tie up with Virgin Airline on landing rights and landing slots. AirAsia have tied with various new Airports outside of Malaysia for setting up for new AirAsia hub at these Airports. AirAsia management through its RedTix subsidiary can enhance its brand growth by having Service related Industry-wide mutual cooperation. AirAsia being in a Dominant/monopoly position in many routes in and around the Asia-Pacific zone will give them bargaining power on the pricing front. Threats Established carriers both private and national carriers if start bringing down their prices to attract the cost sensitive customers will directly affect AirAsia which is based on low cost, no frills, no hassle model. Global uncertainty on Business and Political front directly causes fuel prices to increase and High Fuel prices decreases revenue and hurts more for a low cost carrier. IT Utilization to maximum can also have a side effect on growth for heavy reliance on online sales is risky as system can breakdown anytime. New form of taxes for example Environmental taxes adds on to disruption on the cost equation. With terrorism being a global evil airline Industry is the always under threat, Accidents due to human and natural disaster is always a threat. Uncertainties on Aviation regulations and government policies. PEST ANALYSIS POLITICAL: Political Uncertainties in Asia-pacific region be it Malaysia, Indonesia and the wide unrest in Thailand. Malaysian Government Regulation played a vital role at the initial stages. There existed a heavy restriction on competition in this industry imposed by the individual countries mainly Malaysia trying to protect their national airlines. The bilateral agreement between the countries led to the deregulation of the industry. Terrorism is one of the factor which plays behind the mind of the traveler wishing to take a vacation in the Asia-pacific zone specially after Bali bombing which is one of the dominating region for AirAsia brand. ECONOMIC: The terrorist attacks, wars, epidemics like SARS, played a very crucial role in the airline industries. Uncertainty in fuel and energy costs Uncertainties on the economical Recession front can highly affect the AirAsia growth. SOCIAL: The Growth in the Middle class population in Asia where AirAsia has a dominating presence. Attractive Travel and tourism package by government initiated tourism Ministry and private tour operators attracted large number of fliers. Exclusive prices provided by AirAsia helped in the growth of its brand among price conscious fliers. TECHNOLOGICAL: Being a Young fleet, AirAsia had the Advantage to invest and use latest technology and concepts as their business model. AirAsia along with using World Wide Web for online services are internally using -Yield Management system, computer reservation system and latest Microsofts Enterprise Resource Planning System. All these have helped AirAsia to reduce operating costs and provide fast, efficient service like checking of flight schedules, booking seats, online check-in, and pre-order meals, Supersize my baggage FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS upto 2nd Quarter of 2010. Table below shows the positive growth of AirAsia brand in last 3 years with strong profit after tax performance of RM 549 million

Instructions to Set Essay

The global community is plagued by increasing incidence of lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast and pancreatic cancers, prostate cancer, leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, ovarian and esophageal cancers. Other types of cancer exist but are less frequent. What is the scientific community doing to attempt to eliminate the most common forms of cancer that are ravaging our society? 1. Be certain you’ve read your textbook’s chapter on cell division, specifically the last section on how cells become cancerous. This is context for completing Individual Assignment 3. 2. Watch the Presentation in Module/Week 4 entitled: â€Å"Ways to Fight Cancer†. Notice that the presentation outlines essentially 3 approaches to fighting cancer: a) reduction of cancer risks, b) correction of cancer genes, and c) destruction of cancerous tissue. 3. In the Individual Assigntment 3: 10 Discoveries in the War on Cancer document is a set of 10 scientists’ discoveries. Scan the discoveries briefly. Then open the assignment submission link in Module/Week 4. In the text box, number from 1 to 10 for the 10 discoveries listed below. 4. Now reflect carefully on the first discovery (#1). Would this discovery be more useful for (a) reducing cancer risks, (b) correcting/restoring cancer cells to normal, or (c) destroying cancerous tissue? After number 1 in your list, place in parentheses the letter representing the approach to fighting cancer that will best be served by this new discovery. (More than one approach may be served. But which is most likely to be helped most significantly?) 5. Now repeat this analysis for each of the remaining 9 discoveries. Return to the â€Å"Ways to Fight Cancer† presentation as needed for additional perspective. When finished, your entire text box should be simple: a numbered (1-10) list of letters a, b or c. That’s it! Assignment done. 6. Ten points are granted for each correct association up to 6 correct. If you get any 6 correct out of 10, you get a perfect score (60 pts.) on the assignment. Your assignment is due by 11:59 p.m. (ET) on Monday of Module/Week 4.

Burden of Representation in Film - 1146 Words

------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Representation is defined as a likeness or image of something, a definition that implies a visual component to this act. In terms of minority groups, such as women, people of color, all non-normative sexualities, the issue of representation is one that many film theorists and filmmaker’s struggle to contend with. Both the scarcity and the importance of minority representations yield what many have called the burden of representation. Since there are so few who have the means and access to the apparatus of representation, they are often burdened with the responsibility of speaking for their whole group. Furthermore, as Kobena Mercer†¦show more content†¦While hooks believes that black women cannot identify with Sapphire as a black women when visibly constructed, [she] was so ugly, she finds from her conversation with black women that they actually claimed Sapphire as a symbol of that angry part of themselves white folks and black men could not even begin to understand (97). The contrasting perspectives amongst minorities lead to further division among subaltern and makes it increasingly difficult to include the historically marginalized in mainstream culture. Mercer, however, sees this diversity as a means to combat the burden of expression, rather than an impasse in the issue of representation. In his essay, he analyzes Marlon Riggs Tongues Untied, and the effects of the dialogic voicing that is used in the film. In Tongues United, Riggs speaks from the specificity of his own experience as a black gay male, and simultaneously illustrates the degree to which black cinema attempts to present one heterosexual voice for the entire black race. By forgoing the master codes of documentary in favor of a personal non-representative story, Mercer asserts that Riggs successfully challenges the â€Å"heterosexual presumption that so often characterizes the documentary realist aesthetic in black cinema†. Mercer further notes that by following this dialogic strategy, Riggs is able to presents a story that does not simplify or attemptShow MoreRelatedFilm, Art And Literature Essay1338 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, many of us are able to retrace historical patterns through television, film, art and literature. The development of cinematic film and moving images in the nineteenth and twentieth century has proven to be a very influential tool to engage mass amounts of people. 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Final Paper Juvenile Justice - 956 Words

Stephen Greene 12/03/2013 CJC-113-001 Final Paper There are currently two programs specifically in Henderson County which I am writing this paper about. One of the programs is the local Boys and Girls Club of Henderson County and the D.A.R.E. Program of Henderson County. I decided to write about local programs because it would give me the opportunity to learn more about juvenile delinquency prevention programs within my own community. Both programs are a huge staple within Henderson County and are two of the most important juvenile delinquency prevention programs within Henderson County. First I will report about the local Boys and Girls Club within Henderson County. On November 1st 1993 The Boys Girls Club of Henderson Co.†¦show more content†¦The second program I am going to talk about is the Henderson County D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) program. The D.A.R.E. program started in 1983 in Los Angeles, California as a partnership between parents, schools and law enforcement to educate children on the consequences of drug abuse and teaching good decision making skills to enable them to live productive drug and violence-free lives (2). The Henderson County branch started in 1985 in several schools in Henderson County as a pilot program for North Carolina and was implemented in 1987 in all the elementary schools locally (2). DARE has continued in the classroom since that time with well-trained, dedicated officers making a difference in children’s lives. The DARE Curriculum is focused at the 5th grade level, but has lessons available for all grades. There is also a D.A.R.E. camp in Henderson County, which is a summer program that children can attend that goes into even more detail than just the course they are required to take in school. It is an amazing opportunity for the children as well as their mentors. DARE Camp has grown from a day camp with 35 campers to an overnight camp with approximately 220 campers each year (2). Activities include: archery, swimming, first aide, zip line, â€Å"the blob†, fishing, canoeing, crafts, team challenges, singing,Show MoreRelatedThe Cost of Culpability: The Significance of Numbers Inside the Criminal Justice System (Age and Economics)1244 Words   |  5 Pages Both juveniles and mentally ill adult offenders fell under the above category, it was possible that one could be found not liable due to their age and mental status’ and win a victory in court that could be categorized as legal injustice. Throughout this paper, inconclusive evidence was found that suggested legal definitions were basically written the same but were interpreted differently by various courts. 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Personal Experience In English Class - 1572 Words

My last year of middle school, the clock ticked down and my grades descended as summer began closing in. Teachers bombarded students with final projects that seemed impossible to accomplish with such short time left. English class certainly dragged me down as I wasn t very literate to begin with. I felt defeated by each assignment, because I failed to reach any of my teacher’s standards. With no will to write, I thought I would never find myself with an A on any of my papers. Until I encountered Mr. Thompson and Ms. Marquez, the people who showed me that my success could only be accomplished by hard work and honesty. I felt the pressure build up inside me when my teacher assigned six original poems for the semester final. I panicked. The†¦show more content†¦My heart sank. He knew I cheated. Reality had set in and I couldn’t believe how selfish I had been. I didn t want to fail the class, but that was no excuse for me to plagiarize. He adjusted himself in his chair then spoke again, You are one of the hardest working students in my class, and I have trouble believing you would do this. Since this is your first time doing such a thing I am going to give you another chance to redeem yourself. I’ll give you until Friday to turn in six original poems, but keep in mind that the highest grade you can receive is a 70 because of your actions. I nodded while feeling the tears build up inside me. Grabbing my things I headed out the door avoiding any contact with the other students, for I didn’t want them to see my eyes filled with tears. That evening I went home and worked on making up six poems before that Friday. Each word I typed, I went back and deleted several times until I made it perfect. I wrote about everything I was feeling inside from the peaceful to the unconventional; the words just kept flowing out of my head. I sat there reading it over and over until I was satisfied with my work, my head aching from all the thoughts that circled my brain. My fingers looked red and swollen from writing and typing; I felt like they were inches away from falling off. The room began to spin backShow MoreRelatedTeaching Multilingual Classes Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesalways used in one but not the other? What can I do for my group of learners with this knowledge? Findings and Research The scope of this exercise is limited to teaching English as a second language (TESOL) i.e. teaching programs in English-speaking countries (specifically UK) for students whose first language is other than English. The first thing I noticed, when reading about it, was the paucity of specialised material on the subject. Tricia Hedge refers briefly to â€Å"multicultural† classrooms andRead MoreEssay about Critique on I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read946 Words   |  4 Pagesa lot of students enjoy the readings because they cannot relate. Prose uses the rhetorical strategy of degrading the books high school students are reading and she uses her own personal experiences to support her argument. Throughout the essay, Prose argues that literatures in high schools are dumbing down the English curriculum. She says books that are â€Å"chosen for students to read are for ‘obvious lessons.’† However, Prose does not mention â€Å"great† books that students should read and that willRead MoreEducation Needs To Focus More On Teaching Realistic Things1687 Words   |  7 Pagesfor college and life after high school. 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Social diversity is referred as the ethnicity, lifestyle and language

African American History Free Essays

African american history Free Essays Most historians agree that slavery was among the most decisive factors that led to the Civil War. Thus, Abraham Lincoln, writing to Alexander Stephens, the will-be vice-president of the Confederation, while agreeing not to interfere with the slavery issue, admitted that the issue of slavery was â€Å"the rub† also adding: ‘It certainly is the only substantial difference between us’ (Spicer, 2004, p. 45). We will write a custom essay sample on African american history or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issue of slavery was also regarded by Stephens himself, according to his later acknowledgements, as ‘the immediate cause of the late rupture’ (Spicer, 2004, p. 46). While the Southern states believed in slavery as the natural condition of Africans, in the Northern states the participants of the abolitionist movement had succeeded in convincing the public of the immorality of slavery as an institution. The fight over the slavery issue that led to the Civil War broke out over the new territories joining the union, for instance, with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 and the annexation of a large territory following the victory in the Mexican war. Since each state was given the chance to join as ‘pro-slave’ or ‘free-soil’ territory, conflicts persisted (Spicer, 2004, p. 46). This conflict reflected in the Missouri Compromise of the 1820 and the ‘Bleeding Kansas’ struggle of between supporters and opponents of slavery was destined to break out at some point. There were plenty of courageous individuals who bravely put themselves in the way of slavery, trying to defy its existence and the ambition of the Southern states to extend their system into the newly acquired territories. These people fomented the Civil War with their actions. Among them was â€Å"blood-spilling intransigence of John Brown, the tear-jerking Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the courageous act of William Lloyd Garrison who burnt the US Constitution as a â€Å"covenant with death† (Hitchens, 2005, p. 121). Fuelling the war was the whole Abolitionist movement with its Underground Railroad, the secretive network to help fugitive slaves escape to freedom. Thus, slavery was undoubtedly the main issue that fuelled the outbreak of the Civil War. However, it was so deeply interconnected with other aspects that it was hard to separate it from, for instance, the economic part of the question. Since Southern slave-owners depended on the preservation of slavery for their profits off their cotton plantations, there was certainly an economic interest present. Many of the Southern leaders who went to war to protect their right to have slaves were also slave-owners. With the invention of the cotton gin, using slaves to grow cottons promised even greater revenues. At the same time, there is no indication that the North was unanimously opposed to slavery as an institution. The Northern shipping industry recognized the profits that were associated with slave trade. Moderate politicians like Lincoln were not likely to clamp down on slavery in any way that would alienate the southern states. Others, including Thomas Jefferson, thought that â€Å"slavery was on its way out, doomed to die a natural death† (American Civil War). They were more inclined to watch this process passively than take an active stance against it. However, the abolitionist cause in the North and passionate speeches by activists like John Brown instigated northerners to believe that it was wrong to compromise where such serious moral issues were at stake. To the South, the issue of slavery was not merely a moral issue of whether it was appropriate to own a human being of African descent or not. It was to them the defence of their right to establish their local economic system in the way they thought fit, a symbol of the territories’ right to self-determination. Apart from the â€Å"constitutional argument over whether or not a state had a right to leave the Union†, they were also interested in â€Å"the continuation of antebellum southern culture† (Leidner, 2006). This willingness to self-determination was expressed by Major General John B. Gordon in his â€Å"Reminiscences Of The Civil War†: To the charge of the North that secession was rebellion and treason, the South replied that the epithets of rebel and traitor did not deter her from the assertion of her independence, since these same epithets had been familiar to the ears of Washington and Hancock and Adams and Light Horse Harry Lee. In vindication of her right to secede, she appealed to the essential doctrine, â€Å"the right to govern rests on the consent of the governed,† and to the right of independent action as among those reserved by the States. Thus, although slavery cannot be considered the only issue that led to the Civil War, the impact of this problem on North-South relationships is evident in most events that led up to the war. This, for instance, concerns the debate over counting slaves for the purposes of voting that erupted between the delegates of the North and the South at the Constitutional Convention. The Northerners argued that if â€Å"the Southern slaves were mere property, then they should not be counted toward voting representation in Congress† (American Civil War). As a result, the Southerners were forced into a compromise in which one slave was counted as three-fifths of a free man. This compromise reflected that tensions between the North and South over slavery were also a struggle for power. The ban or permission to have slaves automatically put the state into a category and inspired its citizens to side with one party or the other. These two categories, the slave-owning states and free-soil ones, constituted deep opposition to each other. The issue of slavery, therefore, was the main cause of the Civil War. From this issues, however, there stemmed other issues that precipitated the war: the conflict between different cultures, economic interests of Southern plantation owners, and the South’s belief in its power to make decisions for itself. Thus, the war was caused by dissent over slavery that was fuelled by a number of other controversies. References Gordon, J.B. (2002). Causes of the Civil War (Chapter I). In J.B. Gordon. Reminiscences of The Civil War. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://www.civilwarhome.com/gordoncauses.htm Hitchens, C. (2005, May). The Man Who Ended Slavery: Slandered by Craven Abolitionists as Unhinged, John Brown Was in Fact an Eloquent, Cool-Headed Tactician Who Succeeded in His Long-Range Plan Launching a Civil War. The Atlantic Monthly 295 (4), 121+. Leidner, G. (2006). Causes of the Civil War: A Balanced Answer. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://members.tripod.com/~greatamericanhistory/gr02013.htm Spicer, J.   (2004). ‘The Cause’ of the American Civil War: John Spicer Judges That Slavery Was the Key Factor in Producing the Conflict. History Review 49, 45+. The American Civil War: Causes. Retrieved March 12, 2006, from http://www.swcivilwar.com/cw_causes.html How to cite African american history, Papers African American History Free Essays

Porphyrias lover and My last duchess by Robert Browning Essay Example For Students

Porphyrias lover and My last duchess by Robert Browning Essay The two poems Porphyrias lover and my last duchess by Robert Browning shows a dramatic monologue. Dramatic monologue is a story that is told by one person; which means you only get one point of view; in the two poems they are based on the narrators crisis, his feelings and his way of thinking; and you have to believe it because that is the only view your going to encounter. In dramatic monologue because you only get one person telling the story, you have to trust his judgements and criticisms and believe or not believe what is being said. It is hard to trust what the narrator says, because in my last duchess his wife could of acted completely different to how he was describing her, but you wouldnt have known; so we have to speculate about other issues we do not encounter and also contemplate about controversies that can occur about only one side being said. Robert Browning makes the poems very similar in the way he uses poetic devices like similes As a shut bud that holds a bee which was used in Porphyrias lover and in my last duchess the use of simile is used Looking as if she was alive; other poetic devices used are rhetoric device which is used when in my last duchess the duke is trying to persuade the ambassador that he is a decent person and in Porphyrias lover he is persuading himself that he should kill her so that he can be with her for ever because he loved her so much; crime for passion, A sudden thought of one so pale For love of her, and all in vain. Also in the poems the narrator likes to control That moment she was mine, mine and in my last duchess the narrator says I gave commands this showed he had complete control over his wife, and he made it clear he did not like to me messed about. This shows Brownings fascination with control. In my last duchess the duke wants total control over his wife and for is wife to pay full attention to him and cherish everything he gets her and he doesnt want her to pay any attention to any one else she knows or comes across. This is in comparison with Porphyrias lover when the narrator wanted the women to marry the narrator, but the women is in a higher class than him socially and in heritage and he is not In a high class, he just has a house and he is insanely in love with her; which comes between them both from the perspective of a proper relationship. She didnt want to get disowned by her parents because she likes the life she leads Nor could to-nights gay feast restrain which shows she goes to dinners and how she gets money, presents and everything she wants and she would loose that if she married him. This did not break their love for each other in her eyes because she visited him and wanted a sexual relationship not only based on marriage; but he didnt think that was enough like the Duke in my last duchess he wanted his wife to pay full attention on him and in Porphyrias lover he wanted her to marry him and have a sexual relationship and not get married was not enough for him; he wanted her to have full attention on him and marry him. Thats the way it was in the 19th century if you marry someone of a lower class you get disowned; she liked her wealth and vainer ties dissever. .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .postImageUrl , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:hover , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:visited , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:active { border:0!important; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:active , .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6 .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18219fc320a8dc8ef08001d5928e96d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Test EssayAt this point he is angry and frustrated that he can not be with her and his lover for her will never fade. In my last duchess the wife gets in the way of his boasting, manipulative, controlling way; the Duke did not like how his wife acted and did not like the fact how she appreciated other peoples gift more than his as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybodys gift. After giving her a name that has been going on nine hundred years and all the gifts he gave her she still preferred the simple things. He had no control over her like he had no control either so they both resulted to death; which they both then have total control. Both the poems the narrator is driven to murder because they are possessive; they like things to go their way otherwise they get angry, and the duke saw his wife as a adornment to show he has a nice wife and she is superior compared to him, where as Porphyria was driven to murder because she would not marry him and then if he killed her, he will have her for ever. The comparisons are what differs the two poems from each other; when Porphyria came through the door she shut the atmosphere with her to bring warmth and happiness she shut the cold out and the storm Robert Browning uses personification to show the storm that is going on out side and the storm that is going on in his head. This leads him want more from her and to be with her. In Porphyrias lover he is virtually mentally unstable and soon to find out that he is psychotic. He expresses his psychotic-ness when he decides cold heartedly to kill his lover and partner. Due to him contemplating and pondering in his mind how he could be with her And called me. When no voice replied he sat there and thought about how he could stay with her forever and in the end he decided to kill her and strangle her to death, while I debated what to do and then I found a thing to do, and all her hair In one long yellow string I wound Three times her little throat around this is a long but imperative quote that shows he was mental and it was cold because he debated what to do. The other point that followed her death that is dissimilar to my last duchess is that the women that he liked was in a higher social aspect of her life which was different to my last duchess because we assume that she was well brought up the way she spoke she thanked men, good which shows good up bringing but she was a bit flirtatious towards other male people, which the Duke did not like, which Is why he killed her; but in Porphyrias lover he couldnt marry her because of her higher class and decided that he should do something to maker her his for ever. The one point that puts the icing on the cake for the readers to make him look even more mental and psychotic is he actually believes that he has given Porphyria what she really wanted, but how would he know if she wanted that if he didnt firstly ask and secondly once she is dead she could say she wanted it because she has a great prosperous life; she would give it up for him no pain felt she; I am quite sure she felt no pain when he said no pain felt she he want to reassure himself that he did the right thing and that it was fine but at this point he has got the situation completely wrong and he actually wants to keep her even though she is dead. .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .postImageUrl , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:hover , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:visited , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:active { border:0!important; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:active , .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e5aecfe13bd86c2af1534acbc8e59df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Neruda by Pablo Neruda EssayOverall the narrator has been driven to sanity and murder by his failure to seize what he wants most and that is Porphyria. In the end Robert Browning says that after all he has done God hasnt punished him so what he did was the right thing And yet God has not said a word! Meanwhile in my last duchess it is completely different; the characters are not the same and the way he starts the poems are different to. Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall more light hearted where as in Porphyrias lover The rain set early n to-night this is more cold miserable and chilling. Browning has changed the characters not literally everything about them but m ost points. In my last duchess the Duke is prosperous very manipulative by the way his wife should of paid more attention to him than others and respect him a lot more and appreciate what he has given her, more than the simple ways of life. In this poem Browning wanted to show his possessiveness because he was the only one that was allowed to open the curtains to his previous wife the curtain I have drawn for you nobody else. The story in his mind was what he thinks. He was insanely possessive. He was an extremely jealous person as if she ranked my nine-hundred-years-old name with anybodys gift. His partner was flushed with desire, she like to be nice and kind to people so we are told and she is to easily flattered to easily impressed. This is also a different story line to the other poem because the duke wants to get married to the count of Tyrol so he has taken the ambassador to look at his possessions, which means the most to him, and talk to him about his last wife and how he does not want to be messed around. Whilst the ambassador was there his job is to talk to the Count of Tyrol about everything so the duke is trying to be in his good side and speak politely and also uses false modesty when he says even had you skill in speech (which I have not) when in fact he has probably got a better speech than him. This is also a case in Shakespeare Julius Caesar when Brutus his best friends made a powerful speech that drew the people to vote for him and used a rhetorical device which is used to persuade people. This is irony and it is used for effect.